El estilo de vida saludable en los estudiantes de Nutriología: realidad y percepción / Healthy Lifestyles in Nutrition Students: Reality and Perception

Resumen Antecedentes: las carreras universitarias de la salud deben promover estilos de vida sanos. Objetivo: identificar la relación entre el perfil del estilo de vida, la percepción del estilo de vida saludable y la percepción sobre la carrera de Nutriología de los estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala. Materiales y métodos: tipo de estudio transversal y correlacional. Se evaluaron 145 estudiantes de ambos sexos con tres instrumentos aplicados en un mismo momento. Los datos se reportaron en medianas y se compararon con la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se realizaron las pruebas de correlación entre las tres variables con r de Pearson. Resultados: el perfil del estilo de vida tuvo una puntuación diferenciada por sexo (p=0,002); la percepción de estilos de vida saludable (p=0,123) y la percepción de su disciplina (p=0,775) fueron similares entre sexos. Sobresale que el estilo de vida se correlacionó positivamente con la percepción de este (r=0,35; p=0,002). La percepción del estilo de vida se relaciona con la percepción de la carrera (r=0,202; p=0,015), pero no se encontró correlación entre el estilo de vida y la percepción de la disciplina (r=0,08; p=0,34). Conclusiones: a mayor perfil de estilo de vida satisfactorio más alta es la percepción de un estilo de vida saludable.

Abstract Background: University majors that focus on health should promote healthy lifestyles. Objective: Identify the relationship between actual lifestyles, perceptions of healthy lifestyles, and perceptions surrounding being a Nutrition major in the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional and cor relational study. 145 students, both male and female, were evaluated with the application of three tools simul taneously. Data were reported as medians and were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Correlation tests were performed between the three variables using Pearson's r. Results: Lifestyles of students varied by male vs. female (p=0.002). Healthy lifestyle perceptions (p = 0.123) and students' perception of their discipline (p = 0.775) were similar for both genders. It can be highlighted that lifestyle was positively correlated with the perception of it (r = 0.35; p = 0.002). Lifestyle perception was correlated with the perception of their major of study (nutrition) (r = 0.202; p = 0.015), but no correlation was found between lifestyle and discipline perception (r=0.08; p=0.34). Conclusions: The higher the profile of a satisfying lifestyle, the higher the perception of a healthy lifestyle.

The effect of diet on oxidative stress and metabolic diseases-Clinically controlled trials.

Oxidative stress is associated with several chronic diseases. It is acknowledged that molecules damaged by reactive oxygen species activate the inflammatory process and that this response increases the production of free radicals. Modifications in a diet can improve or decrease redox state markers. The aim of this revision was to provide an update of clinical controlled trials, to assess changes in diet and markers of oxidative stress in subjects with metabolic diseases. They were investigated randomized controlled intervention studies (RCTs) published in MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) that were conducted in subjects with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia; with dietary intervention; where markers of oxidative stress have been evaluated and published in the last 5 years. Food antioxidants, hypocaloric diets with loss of adipose tissue, substitution of animal protein by vegetable, and changes in the microbiota improve antioxidant status in people with chronic disease. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus and adipose tissue in obesity are known to trigger oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, in turn, decreases insulin sensitivity and favors an inflammatory state producing adhesion molecules. Oxidative stress and adhesion molecules, can increase blood pressure and oxidation of lipoproteins, that ultimately could lead to a cerebrovascular event. Consumption of high-antioxidant and polyphenol foods increases plasma antioxidant capacity and decreases oxidative stress markers in people with diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, weight loss caused by caloric restriction with or without exercise increases the endogenous antioxidant capacity. Therefore, it is likely that the combination of a hypocaloric diet with a high content of antioxidants and polyphenols will have a greater effect. Other dietary changes with antioxidant effect, such as the substitution of animal for vegetable protein or the addition of fiber, might be mediated by changes in the microbiota. However, this aspect requires further study.

Evaluación del consumo de grasas, frutas, vegetales y fibra en personas adultas del Municipio de San Pablo del Monte, Tlaxcala (México) / Evaluation of the consumption of fats, fruits, vegetables and fiber, in adult persons of the Municipality of San Pablo del Monte, Tlaxcala (México)

FUNDAMENTOS: En personas adultas una dieta poco saludable con consumo elevado de grasas y consumo bajo en frutas y vegetales desencadena problemas de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la frecuencia de consumo de grasas, frutas, vegetales y fibra en personas adultas de San Pablo del Monte, Tlaxcala, México. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, se encuestaron a 2.848 adultos entre 18 y 59 años de edad. Se utilizó el instrumento validado Nutrition Quest, que consta de dos partes: 1) Evaluación dietética de grasas y 2) Evaluación dietética de frutas, vegetales y fibra. RESULTADOS: El 58% de la población de estudio tienen una dieta baja en grasas, 17% adecuada y un 25% alta y muy alta en grasas. El 94% de la población tiene un consumo deficiente y muy deficiente de frutas, vegetales y fibra y un 6% un consumo recomendable. CONCLUSIONES: Una cuarta parte de la población tiene un consumo alto en grasas, poniéndolos en riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. La mayoría de la población tiene un consumo deficiente del consumo de frutas, vegetales y fibra, presentando riesgo de deficiencia de micronutrientes

BACKGROUND: In adults an unhealthy diet with high fat consumption and low consumption in fruits and vegetables triggers problems of obesity and chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the frequency of consumption of fats, fruits, vegetables and fiber in adults of San Pablo del Monte, Tlaxcala, México. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, where 2,848 adults between 18 and 59 years of age were surveyed. The instrument validated by Block et al Nutrition Quest was used, which consists of two parts: 1) Dietary evaluation of fats and 2) Dietary evaluation of fruits, vegetables and fiber. RESULTS: 58% of the study population have a diet low in fat, 17% adequate and 25% high and very high in fat. 94% of the population has a deficient and very deficient consumption of fruits, vegetables and fiber and 6% a recommended consumption. CONCLUSIONS: A quarter of the population has a high fat intake, putting them at risk of cardiovascular disease. The majority of the population has deficient consumption of fruits, vegetables and fiber, presenting a risk of micronutrient deficiency